Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields
P. A. R. Ade
,
N. Aghanim
,
M. Arnaud
,
F. Arroja
,
M. Ashdown
,
J. Aumont
,
C. Baccigalupi
,
M. Ballardini
,
A. J. Banday
,
R. B. Barreiro
,
N. Bartolo
,
E. Battaner
,
K. Benabed
,
A. Benoit
(1)
,
A. Benoit-Lévy
,
J.-P. Bernard
,
M. Bersanelli
,
P. Bielewicz
,
J. J. Bock
,
A. Bonaldi
,
L. Bonavera
,
J. R. Bond
,
J. Borrill
,
F. R. Bouchet
,
M. Bucher
(2)
,
C. Burigana
,
R. C. Butler
,
E. Calabrese
,
J.-F. Cardoso
(2)
,
A. Catalano
(3)
,
A. Chamballu
,
H. C. Chiang
,
J. Chluba
,
P. R. Christensen
,
S. Church
,
D. L. Clements
,
S. Colombi
,
L. P. L. Colombo
,
C. Combet
(3)
,
F. Couchot
(4)
,
A. Coulais
,
B. P. Crill
,
A. Curto
,
F. Cuttaia
,
L. Danese
,
R. D. Davies
,
R. J. Davis
,
P. De Bernardis
,
A. De Rosa
,
G. De Zotti
,
J. Delabrouille
(2)
,
F.-X. Désert
,
J. M. Diego
,
K. Dolag
,
H. Dole
,
S. Donzelli
,
O. Doré
,
M. Douspis
,
A. Ducout
,
X. Dupac
,
G. Efstathiou
,
F. Elsner
,
T. A. Enßlin
,
H. K. Eriksen
,
J. Fergusson
,
F. Finelli
,
E. Florido
,
O. Forni
,
M. Frailis
,
A. A. Fraisse
,
E. Franceschi
,
A. Frejsel
,
S. Galeotta
,
S. Galli
,
K. Ganga
(2)
,
M. Giard
,
Y. Giraud-Héraud
(2)
,
E. Gjerløw
,
J. González-Nuevo
,
K. M. Górski
,
S. Gratton
,
A. Gregorio
,
A. Gruppuso
,
J. E. Gudmundsson
,
F. K. Hansen
,
D. Hanson
,
D. L. Harrison
,
G. Helou
,
S. Henrot-Versillé
(4)
,
C. Hernández-Monteagudo
,
D. Herranz
,
S. R. Hildebrandt
,
E. Hivon
,
M. Hobson
,
W. A. Holmes
,
A. Hornstrup
,
W. Hovest
,
K. M. Huffenberger
,
G. Hurier
,
A. H. Jaffe
,
T. R. Jaffe
,
W. C. Jones
,
M. Juvela
,
E. Keihänen
,
R. Keskitalo
,
J. Kim
,
T. S. Kisner
,
J. Knoche
,
M. Kunz
,
H. Kurki-Suonio
,
G. Lagache
,
A. Lähteenmäki
,
J.-M. Lamarre
,
A. Lasenby
,
M. Lattanzi
,
C. R. Lawrence
,
J. P. Leahy
,
R. Leonardi
,
J. Lesgourgues
,
F. Levrier
,
M. Liguori
,
P. B. Lilje
,
M. Linden-Vørnle
,
M. López-Caniego
,
P. M. Lubin
,
J. F. Macías-Pérez
(3)
,
G. Maggio
,
D. Maino
,
N. Mandolesi
,
A. Mangilli
(4)
,
M. Maris
,
P. G. Martin
,
E. Martínez-González
,
S. Masi
,
S. Matarrese
,
P. Mcgehee
,
P. R. Meinhold
,
A. Melchiorri
,
L. Mendes
,
A. Mennella
,
M. Migliaccio
,
S. Mitra
,
M.-A. Miville-Deschênes
,
D. Molinari
,
A. Moneti
,
L. Montier
,
G. Morgante
,
D. Mortlock
,
A. Moss
,
D. Munshi
,
J. A. Murphy
,
P. Naselsky
,
F. Nati
,
P. Natoli
,
C. B. Netterfield
,
H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen
,
F. Noviello
,
D. Novikov
,
I. Novikov
,
N. Oppermann
,
C. A. Oxborrow
,
F. Paci
,
L. Pagano
,
F. Pajot
,
D. Paoletti
,
F. Pasian
,
G. Patanchon
(2)
,
O. Perdereau
(4)
,
L. Perotto
(3)
,
F. Perrotta
,
V. Pettorino
,
F. Piacentini
,
M. Piat
(2)
,
E. Pierpaoli
,
D. Pietrobon
,
Stéphane Plaszczynski
(4)
,
E. Pointecouteau
,
G. Polenta
,
L. Popa
,
G. W. Pratt
,
G. Prézeau
,
S. Prunet
,
J.-L. Puget
,
J. P. Rachen
,
R. Rebolo
,
M. Reinecke
,
M. Remazeilles
(2)
,
C. Renault
(3)
,
A. Renzi
,
I. Ristorcelli
,
G. Rocha
,
C. Rosset
(2)
,
M. Rossetti
,
G. Roudier
(2)
,
J. A. Rubiño-Martín
,
B. Ruiz-Granados
,
B. Rusholme
,
M. Sandri
,
D. Santos
(3)
,
M. Savelainen
,
G. Savini
,
D. Scott
,
M. D. Seiffert
,
E. P. S. Shellard
,
M. Shiraishi
,
L. D. Spencer
,
V. Stolyarov
,
R. Stompor
(2)
,
R. Sudiwala
,
R. Sunyaev
,
D. Sutton
,
A.-S. Suur-Uski
,
J.-F. Sygnet
,
J. A. Tauber
,
L. Terenzi
,
L. Toffolatti
,
M. Tomasi
,
M. Tristram
(4)
,
M. Tucci
,
J. Tuovinen
,
G. Umana
,
L. Valenziano
,
J. Valiviita
,
B. Van Tent
(5)
,
P. Vielva
,
F. Villa
,
L. A. Wade
,
B. D. Wandelt
,
I. K. Wehus
,
D. Yvon
,
A. Zacchei
,
A. Zonca
P. A. R. Ade
- Function : Author
N. Aghanim
- Function : Author
M. Arnaud
- Function : Author
F. Arroja
- Function : Author
M. Ashdown
- Function : Author
J. Aumont
- Function : Author
C. Baccigalupi
- Function : Author
M. Ballardini
- Function : Author
A. J. Banday
- Function : Author
R. B. Barreiro
- Function : Author
N. Bartolo
- Function : Author
E. Battaner
- Function : Author
K. Benabed
- Function : Author
A. Benoit-Lévy
- Function : Author
J.-P. Bernard
- Function : Author
M. Bersanelli
- Function : Author
P. Bielewicz
- Function : Author
J. J. Bock
- Function : Author
A. Bonaldi
- Function : Author
L. Bonavera
- Function : Author
J. R. Bond
- Function : Author
J. Borrill
- Function : Author
F. R. Bouchet
- Function : Author
C. Burigana
- Function : Author
R. C. Butler
- Function : Author
E. Calabrese
- Function : Author
J.-F. Cardoso
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742037
- IdHAL : jean-francois-cardoso
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3388-6608
- IdRef : 035655216
A. Catalano
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1341272
- IdHAL : andreacatalano
A. Chamballu
- Function : Author
H. C. Chiang
- Function : Author
J. Chluba
- Function : Author
P. R. Christensen
- Function : Author
S. Church
- Function : Author
D. L. Clements
- Function : Author
S. Colombi
- Function : Author
L. P. L. Colombo
- Function : Author
C. Combet
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 801432
- IdHAL : celine-combet
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6487-1866
F. Couchot
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742631
- IdHAL : francois-couchot2
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7714-7700
- IdRef : 032240503
A. Coulais
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1176660
- IdHAL : alain-coulais
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6492-7719
B. P. Crill
- Function : Author
A. Curto
- Function : Author
F. Cuttaia
- Function : Author
L. Danese
- Function : Author
R. D. Davies
- Function : Author
R. J. Davis
- Function : Author
P. De Bernardis
- Function : Author
A. De Rosa
- Function : Author
G. De Zotti
- Function : Author
F.-X. Désert
- Function : Author
J. M. Diego
- Function : Author
K. Dolag
- Function : Author
H. Dole
- Function : Author
S. Donzelli
- Function : Author
O. Doré
- Function : Author
M. Douspis
- Function : Author
A. Ducout
- Function : Author
X. Dupac
- Function : Author
G. Efstathiou
- Function : Author
F. Elsner
- Function : Author
T. A. Enßlin
- Function : Author
H. K. Eriksen
- Function : Author
J. Fergusson
- Function : Author
F. Finelli
- Function : Author
E. Florido
- Function : Author
O. Forni
- Function : Author
M. Frailis
- Function : Author
A. A. Fraisse
- Function : Author
E. Franceschi
- Function : Author
A. Frejsel
- Function : Author
S. Galeotta
- Function : Author
S. Galli
- Function : Author
M. Giard
- Function : Author
E. Gjerløw
- Function : Author
J. González-Nuevo
- Function : Author
K. M. Górski
- Function : Author
S. Gratton
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1334968
A. Gregorio
- Function : Author
A. Gruppuso
- Function : Author
J. E. Gudmundsson
- Function : Author
F. K. Hansen
- Function : Author
D. Hanson
- Function : Author
D. L. Harrison
- Function : Author
G. Helou
- Function : Author
S. Henrot-Versillé
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 740081
- IdHAL : sophie-henrot-versille
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1218-2991
- IdRef : 191080403
C. Hernández-Monteagudo
- Function : Author
D. Herranz
- Function : Author
S. R. Hildebrandt
- Function : Author
E. Hivon
- Function : Author
M. Hobson
- Function : Author
W. A. Holmes
- Function : Author
A. Hornstrup
- Function : Author
W. Hovest
- Function : Author
K. M. Huffenberger
- Function : Author
G. Hurier
- Function : Author
A. H. Jaffe
- Function : Author
T. R. Jaffe
- Function : Author
W. C. Jones
- Function : Author
M. Juvela
- Function : Author
E. Keihänen
- Function : Author
R. Keskitalo
- Function : Author
J. Kim
- Function : Author
T. S. Kisner
- Function : Author
J. Knoche
- Function : Author
M. Kunz
- Function : Author
H. Kurki-Suonio
- Function : Author
G. Lagache
- Function : Author
A. Lähteenmäki
- Function : Author
J.-M. Lamarre
- Function : Author
A. Lasenby
- Function : Author
M. Lattanzi
- Function : Author
C. R. Lawrence
- Function : Author
J. P. Leahy
- Function : Author
R. Leonardi
- Function : Author
J. Lesgourgues
- Function : Author
F. Levrier
- Function : Author
M. Liguori
- Function : Author
P. B. Lilje
- Function : Author
M. Linden-Vørnle
- Function : Author
M. López-Caniego
- Function : Author
P. M. Lubin
- Function : Author
J. F. Macías-Pérez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 830870
- IdHAL : juan-francisco-macias-perez
G. Maggio
- Function : Author
D. Maino
- Function : Author
N. Mandolesi
- Function : Author
M. Maris
- Function : Author
P. G. Martin
- Function : Author
E. Martínez-González
- Function : Author
S. Masi
- Function : Author
S. Matarrese
- Function : Author
P. Mcgehee
- Function : Author
P. R. Meinhold
- Function : Author
A. Melchiorri
- Function : Author
L. Mendes
- Function : Author
A. Mennella
- Function : Author
M. Migliaccio
- Function : Author
S. Mitra
- Function : Author
M.-A. Miville-Deschênes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 741816
- IdHAL : marc-antoine-miville-deschenes
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7351-6062
- IdRef : 078115361
D. Molinari
- Function : Author
A. Moneti
- Function : Author
L. Montier
- Function : Author
G. Morgante
- Function : Author
D. Mortlock
- Function : Author
A. Moss
- Function : Author
D. Munshi
- Function : Author
J. A. Murphy
- Function : Author
P. Naselsky
- Function : Author
F. Nati
- Function : Author
P. Natoli
- Function : Author
C. B. Netterfield
- Function : Author
H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen
- Function : Author
F. Noviello
- Function : Author
D. Novikov
- Function : Author
I. Novikov
- Function : Author
N. Oppermann
- Function : Author
C. A. Oxborrow
- Function : Author
F. Paci
- Function : Author
L. Pagano
- Function : Author
F. Pajot
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742082
- IdHAL : francois-pajot
- ORCID : 0009-0009-2877-2954
- IdRef : 13140718X
D. Paoletti
- Function : Author
F. Pasian
- Function : Author
L. Perotto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742116
- IdHAL : lperotto
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6937-5052
- IdRef : 118429221
F. Perrotta
- Function : Author
V. Pettorino
- Function : Author
F. Piacentini
- Function : Author
E. Pierpaoli
- Function : Author
D. Pietrobon
- Function : Author
Stéphane Plaszczynski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 9483
- IdHAL : stephane-plaszczynski
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1278-109X
- IdRef : 156370042
E. Pointecouteau
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 738693
- IdHAL : etienne-pointecouteau
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8488-3645
- IdRef : 080631878
G. Polenta
- Function : Author
L. Popa
- Function : Author
G. W. Pratt
- Function : Author
G. Prézeau
- Function : Author
S. Prunet
- Function : Author
J.-L. Puget
- Function : Author
J. P. Rachen
- Function : Author
R. Rebolo
- Function : Author
M. Reinecke
- Function : Author
A. Renzi
- Function : Author
I. Ristorcelli
- Function : Author
G. Rocha
- Function : Author
M. Rossetti
- Function : Author
J. A. Rubiño-Martín
- Function : Author
B. Ruiz-Granados
- Function : Author
B. Rusholme
- Function : Author
M. Sandri
- Function : Author
M. Savelainen
- Function : Author
G. Savini
- Function : Author
D. Scott
- Function : Author
M. D. Seiffert
- Function : Author
E. P. S. Shellard
- Function : Author
M. Shiraishi
- Function : Author
L. D. Spencer
- Function : Author
V. Stolyarov
- Function : Author
R. Sudiwala
- Function : Author
R. Sunyaev
- Function : Author
D. Sutton
- Function : Author
A.-S. Suur-Uski
- Function : Author
J.-F. Sygnet
- Function : Author
J. A. Tauber
- Function : Author
L. Terenzi
- Function : Author
L. Toffolatti
- Function : Author
M. Tomasi
- Function : Author
M. Tristram
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 9484
- IdHAL : matthieu-tristram
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7276-8324
- IdRef : 098039229
M. Tucci
- Function : Author
J. Tuovinen
- Function : Author
G. Umana
- Function : Author
L. Valenziano
- Function : Author
J. Valiviita
- Function : Author
P. Vielva
- Function : Author
F. Villa
- Function : Author
L. A. Wade
- Function : Author
B. D. Wandelt
- Function : Author
I. K. Wehus
- Function : Author
D. Yvon
- Function : Author
A. Zacchei
- Function : Author
A. Zonca
- Function : Author
Abstract
We predict and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB spectra; the effect on CMB polarization induced by Faraday rotation; magnetically-induced non-Gaussianities; and the magnetically-induced breaking of statistical isotropy. Overall, Planck data constrain the amplitude of PMFs to less than a few nanogauss. In particular, individual limits coming from the analysis of the CMB angular power spectra, using the Planck likelihood, are B1Mpc<4.4 nG (where B1Mpc is the comoving field amplitude at a scale of 1 Mpc) at 95% confidence level, assuming zero helicity, and B1Mpc<5.6 nG when we consider a maximally helical field. For nearly scale-invariant PMFs we obtain B1Mpc<2.1 nG and B1Mpc<0.7 nG if the impact of PMFs on the ionization history of the Universe is included in the analysis. From the analysis of magnetically-induced non-Gaussianity we obtain three different values, corresponding to three applied methods, all below 5 nG. The constraint from the magnetically-induced passive-tensor bispectrum is B1Mpc<2.8 nG. A search for preferred directions in the magnetically-induced passive bispectrum yields B1Mpc<4.5 nG, whereas the the compensated-scalar bispectrum gives B1Mpc<3 nG. The analysis of the Faraday rotation of CMB polarization by PMFs uses the Planck power spectra in EE and BB at 70 GHz and gives B1Mpc<1380 nG. In our final analysis, we consider the harmonic-space correlations produced by Alfv\'en waves, finding no significant evidence for the presence of these waves. Together, these results comprise a comprehensive set of constraints on possible PMFs with Planck data.