We propose a general framework to calculate the nonperturbative structure of relativistic bound state systems. The state vector of the bound state is calculated in the covariant formulation of light-front dynamics. In this scheme, the state vector is defined on the light front of general position ω * x = 0, where ω is an arbitrary light-like four-vector. This enables a strict control of any violation of rotational invariance. The state vector is then decomposed in Fock components. Our formalism is applied to the description of the nucleon properties at low energy, in chiral perturbation theory. We also show that the use of a recently proposed regularization scheme, the so-called Taylor-Lagrange regularization scheme, is very adequate in order to treat divergences in this nonperturbative framework.