Planck 2013 results. XII. Diffuse component separation
P.A.R. Ade
,
N. Aghanim
,
C. Armitage-Caplan
,
M. Arnaud
,
M. Ashdown
,
F. Atrio-Barandela
,
J. Aumont
,
C. Baccigalupi
,
A. J. Banday
,
R. B. Barreiro
,
J.G. Bartlett
(1, 2)
,
E. Battaner
,
K. Benabed
,
A. Benoît
(3)
,
A. Benoit-Lévy
,
J. -P. Bernard
,
M. Bersanelli
,
P. Bielewicz
,
J. Bobin
,
J. J. Bock
,
A. Bonaldi
,
L. Bonavera
,
J. R. Bond
,
J. Borrill
,
F. R. Bouchet
,
F. Boulanger
,
M. Bridges
,
M. Bucher
(2)
,
C. Burigana
,
R. C. Butler
,
J.-F. Cardoso
(2)
,
A. Catalano
(4, 5)
,
A. Challinor
,
A. Chamballu
,
R. -R. Chary
,
X. Chen
,
L. -y Chiang
,
H. C. Chiang
,
P. R. Christensen
,
S. Church
,
D. L. Clements
,
S. Colombi
,
L. P. L. Colombo
,
F. Couchot
(6)
,
A. Coulais
(5)
,
B. P. Crill
,
M. Cruz
,
A. Curto
,
F. Cuttaia
,
L. Danese
,
R. D. Davies
,
R. J. Davis
,
P. de Bernardis
,
A. de Rosa
,
G. de Zotti
,
J. Delabrouille
(7, 2)
,
J. -M. Delouis
,
F. -X. Désert
,
C. Dickinson
,
J. M. Diego
,
H. Dole
,
S. Donzelli
,
O. Doré
,
M. Douspis
,
J. Dunkley
,
X. Dupac
,
G. Efstathiou
,
T. A. Ensslin
,
H. K. Eriksen
,
E. Falgarone
(5)
,
F. Finelli
,
O. Forni
,
M. Frailis
,
A. A. Fraisse
,
E. Franceschi
,
S. Galeotta
,
K. Ganga
(2)
,
M. Giard
,
G. Giardino
,
Y. Giraud-Héraud
(2)
,
J. González-Nuevo
,
K. M. Górski
,
Serge Gratton
,
A. Gregorio
,
A. Gruppuso
,
F. K. Hansen
,
D. Hanson
,
D. Harrison
,
G. Helou
,
S. Henrot-Versillé
(6)
,
C. Hernández-Monteagudo
,
D. Herranz
,
S. R. Hildebrandt
,
E. Hivon
,
M. Hobson
,
W. A. Holmes
,
A. Hornstrup
,
W. Hovest
,
G. Huey
,
K. M. Huffenberger
,
T. R. Jaffe
,
A. H. Jaffe
,
J. Jewell
,
W. C. Jones
,
M. Juvela
,
E. Keihänen
,
R. Keskitalo
,
T. S. Kisner
,
R. Kneissl
,
J. Knoche
,
L. Knox
,
M. Kunz
,
H. Kurki-Suonio
,
Guilaine Lagache
,
A. Lähteenmäki
,
J. -M. Lamarre
(5)
,
A. Lasenby
,
R. J. Laureijs
,
C. R. Lawrence
,
M. Le Jeune
(2)
,
S. Leach
,
J. P. Leahy
,
R. Leonardi
,
J. Lesgourgues
,
M. Liguori
,
P. B. Lilje
,
M. Linden-Vørnle
,
M. López-Caniego
,
P. M. Lubin
,
J.F. Macías-Pérez
(4)
,
B. Maffei
,
D. Maino
,
N. Mandolesi
,
A. Marcos-Caballero
,
M. Maris
,
D. J. Marshall
,
P. G. Martin
,
E. Martínez-González
,
S. Masi
,
S. Matarrese
,
F. Matthai
,
P. Mazzotta
,
P. R. Meinhold
,
A. Melchiorri
,
L. Mendes
,
A. Mennella
,
M. Migliaccio
,
K. Mikkelsen
,
Subhabrata Mitra
,
M. -A. Miville-Deschênes
,
A. Moneti
,
L. Montier
,
G. Morgante
,
D. Mortlock
,
A. Moss
,
D. Munshi
,
P. Naselsky
,
F. Nati
,
P. Natoli
,
C. B. Netterfield
,
H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen
,
F. Noviello
,
D. Novikov
,
I. Novikov
,
I. J. O'Dwyer
,
S. Osborne
,
C. A. Oxborrow
,
F. Paci
,
L. Pagano
,
F. Pajot
,
R. Paladini
,
D. Paoletti
,
B. Partridge
,
F. Pasian
,
G. Patanchon
(2)
,
T. J. Pearson
,
O. Perdereau
(6)
,
L. Perotto
(4)
,
F. Perrotta
,
V. Pettorino
,
F. Piacentini
,
M. Piat
(2)
,
E. Pierpaoli
,
D. Pietrobon
,
Stéphane Plaszczynski
(6)
,
P. Platania
,
E. Pointecouteau
,
G. Polenta
,
N. Ponthieu
,
L. Popa
,
T. Poutanen
,
G. W. Pratt
,
G. Prézeau
,
S. Prunet
,
J. -L. Puget
,
J. P. Rachen
,
W. T. Reach
,
R. Rebolo
,
M. Reinecke
,
M. Remazeilles
(2)
,
C. Renault
(4)
,
A. Renzi
,
S. Ricciardi
,
T. Riller
,
I. Ristorcelli
,
G. Rocha
,
C. Rosset
(2)
,
G. Roudier
(2, 5)
,
M. Rowan-Robinson
,
J. A. Rubiño-Martín
,
B. Rusholme
,
E. Salerno
,
M. Sandri
,
D. Santos
(4)
,
G. Savini
,
F. Schiavon
,
D. Scott
,
M. D. Seiffert
,
E. P. S. Shellard
,
L. D. Spencer
,
Jean-Luc Starck
,
Radek Stompor
(2)
,
R. Sudiwala
,
R. Sunyaev
,
F. Sureau
,
D. Sutton
,
A. -S. Suur-Uski
,
J. -F. Sygnet
,
J. A. Tauber
,
D. Tavagnacco
,
L. Terenzi
,
L. Toffolatti
,
M. Tomasi
,
M. Tristram
(6)
,
M. Tucci
(6)
,
J. Tuovinen
,
M. Türler
,
G. Umana
,
L. Valenziano
,
J. Valiviita
,
B. van Tent
,
J. Varis
,
M. Viel
,
P. Vielva
,
Francesca Villa
,
N. Vittorio
,
L. A. Wade
,
B. D. Wandelt
,
I. K. Wehus
,
A. Wilkinson
,
J. -Q. Xia
,
D. Yvon
,
A. Zacchei
,
A. Zonca
,
Guillaume Castex
(2)
,
Matthieu Roman
(2)
1
APC - Cosmologie
2 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
3 NEEL - HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications
4 LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie
5 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique
6 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
7 APC-Gravitation - APC - Gravitation
2 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
3 NEEL - HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications
4 LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie
5 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique
6 LAL - Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire
7 APC-Gravitation - APC - Gravitation
P.A.R. Ade
- Function : Author
N. Aghanim
- Function : Author
C. Armitage-Caplan
- Function : Author
M. Arnaud
- Function : Author
M. Ashdown
- Function : Author
F. Atrio-Barandela
- Function : Author
J. Aumont
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 750370
- IdHAL : jonathan-aumont
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6279-0691
- IdRef : 121785653
C. Baccigalupi
- Function : Author
A. J. Banday
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 179497
- IdHAL : anthony-banday
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3358-0289
- IdRef : 073735302
R. B. Barreiro
- Function : Author
J.G. Bartlett
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 926973
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0685-8310
- IdRef : 063462184
E. Battaner
- Function : Author
K. Benabed
- Function : Author
A. Benoit-Lévy
- Function : Author
J. -P. Bernard
- Function : Author
M. Bersanelli
- Function : Author
P. Bielewicz
- Function : Author
J. Bobin
- Function : Author
J. J. Bock
- Function : Author
A. Bonaldi
- Function : Author
L. Bonavera
- Function : Author
J. R. Bond
- Function : Author
J. Borrill
- Function : Author
F. R. Bouchet
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 180816
- IdHAL : francois-r-bouchet
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8051-2924
- IdRef : 07733311X
F. Boulanger
- Function : Author
M. Bridges
- Function : Author
C. Burigana
- Function : Author
R. C. Butler
- Function : Author
J.-F. Cardoso
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742037
- IdHAL : jean-francois-cardoso
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3388-6608
- IdRef : 035655216
A. Catalano
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1341272
- IdHAL : andreacatalano
A. Challinor
- Function : Author
A. Chamballu
- Function : Author
R. -R. Chary
- Function : Author
X. Chen
- Function : Author
L. -y Chiang
- Function : Author
H. C. Chiang
- Function : Author
P. R. Christensen
- Function : Author
S. Church
- Function : Author
D. L. Clements
- Function : Author
S. Colombi
- Function : Author
L. P. L. Colombo
- Function : Author
F. Couchot
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742631
- IdHAL : francois-couchot2
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7714-7700
- IdRef : 032240503
A. Coulais
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1176660
- IdHAL : alain-coulais
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6492-7719
B. P. Crill
- Function : Author
M. Cruz
- Function : Author
A. Curto
- Function : Author
F. Cuttaia
- Function : Author
L. Danese
- Function : Author
R. D. Davies
- Function : Author
R. J. Davis
- Function : Author
P. de Bernardis
- Function : Author
A. de Rosa
- Function : Author
G. de Zotti
- Function : Author
J. -M. Delouis
- Function : Author
F. -X. Désert
- Function : Author
C. Dickinson
- Function : Author
J. M. Diego
- Function : Author
H. Dole
- Function : Author
S. Donzelli
- Function : Author
O. Doré
- Function : Author
M. Douspis
- Function : Author
J. Dunkley
- Function : Author
X. Dupac
- Function : Author
G. Efstathiou
- Function : Author
T. A. Ensslin
- Function : Author
H. K. Eriksen
- Function : Author
F. Finelli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755277
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9160-4840
O. Forni
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1126943
- IdHAL : o-forni
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6772-9689
- IdRef : 139768076
M. Frailis
- Function : Author
A. A. Fraisse
- Function : Author
E. Franceschi
- Function : Author
S. Galeotta
- Function : Author
M. Giard
- Function : Author
G. Giardino
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757174
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9262-7155
J. González-Nuevo
- Function : Author
K. M. Górski
- Function : Author
Serge Gratton
- Function : Author
A. Gregorio
- Function : Author
A. Gruppuso
- Function : Author
F. K. Hansen
- Function : Author
D. Hanson
- Function : Author
D. Harrison
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 765186
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8687-6588
G. Helou
- Function : Author
S. Henrot-Versillé
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 740081
- IdHAL : sophie-henrot-versille
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1218-2991
- IdRef : 191080403
C. Hernández-Monteagudo
- Function : Author
D. Herranz
- Function : Author
S. R. Hildebrandt
- Function : Author
E. Hivon
- Function : Author
M. Hobson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 763361
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5945-7975
W. A. Holmes
- Function : Author
A. Hornstrup
- Function : Author
W. Hovest
- Function : Author
G. Huey
- Function : Author
K. M. Huffenberger
- Function : Author
T. R. Jaffe
- Function : Author
A. H. Jaffe
- Function : Author
J. Jewell
- Function : Author
W. C. Jones
- Function : Author
M. Juvela
- Function : Author
E. Keihänen
- Function : Author
R. Keskitalo
- Function : Author
T. S. Kisner
- Function : Author
R. Kneissl
- Function : Author
J. Knoche
- Function : Author
L. Knox
- Function : Author
M. Kunz
- Function : Author
H. Kurki-Suonio
- Function : Author
Guilaine Lagache
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 21058
- IdHAL : guilaine-lagache
A. Lähteenmäki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760052
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0393-0647
A. Lasenby
- Function : Author
R. J. Laureijs
- Function : Author
C. R. Lawrence
- Function : Author
S. Leach
- Function : Author
J. P. Leahy
- Function : Author
R. Leonardi
- Function : Author
J. Lesgourgues
- Function : Author
M. Liguori
- Function : Author
P. B. Lilje
- Function : Author
M. Linden-Vørnle
- Function : Author
M. López-Caniego
- Function : Author
P. M. Lubin
- Function : Author
J.F. Macías-Pérez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 830870
- IdHAL : juan-francisco-macias-perez
B. Maffei
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1360237
- IdHAL : bruno-maffei
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2214-5329
D. Maino
- Function : Author
N. Mandolesi
- Function : Author
A. Marcos-Caballero
- Function : Author
M. Maris
- Function : Author
D. J. Marshall
- Function : Author
P. G. Martin
- Function : Author
E. Martínez-González
- Function : Author
S. Masi
- Function : Author
S. Matarrese
- Function : Author
F. Matthai
- Function : Author
P. Mazzotta
- Function : Author
P. R. Meinhold
- Function : Author
A. Melchiorri
- Function : Author
L. Mendes
- Function : Author
A. Mennella
- Function : Author
M. Migliaccio
- Function : Author
K. Mikkelsen
- Function : Author
Subhabrata Mitra
- Function : Author
M. -A. Miville-Deschênes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 741816
- IdHAL : marc-antoine-miville-deschenes
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7351-6062
- IdRef : 078115361
A. Moneti
- Function : Author
L. Montier
- Function : Author
G. Morgante
- Function : Author
D. Mortlock
- Function : Author
A. Moss
- Function : Author
D. Munshi
- Function : Author
P. Naselsky
- Function : Author
F. Nati
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755363
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8307-5088
P. Natoli
- Function : Author
C. B. Netterfield
- Function : Author
H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen
- Function : Author
F. Noviello
- Function : Author
D. Novikov
- Function : Author
I. Novikov
- Function : Author
I. J. O'Dwyer
- Function : Author
S. Osborne
- Function : Author
C. A. Oxborrow
- Function : Author
F. Paci
- Function : Author
L. Pagano
- Function : Author
F. Pajot
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742082
- IdHAL : francois-pajot
- ORCID : 0009-0009-2877-2954
- IdRef : 13140718X
R. Paladini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755786
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5158-243X
D. Paoletti
- Function : Author
B. Partridge
- Function : Author
F. Pasian
- Function : Author
T. J. Pearson
- Function : Author
L. Perotto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742116
- IdHAL : lperotto
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6937-5052
- IdRef : 118429221
F. Perrotta
- Function : Author
V. Pettorino
- Function : Author
F. Piacentini
- Function : Author
E. Pierpaoli
- Function : Author
D. Pietrobon
- Function : Author
Stéphane Plaszczynski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 9483
- IdHAL : stephane-plaszczynski
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1278-109X
- IdRef : 156370042
P. Platania
- Function : Author
E. Pointecouteau
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 738693
- IdHAL : etienne-pointecouteau
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8488-3645
- IdRef : 080631878
G. Polenta
- Function : Author
N. Ponthieu
- Function : Author
L. Popa
- Function : Author
T. Poutanen
- Function : Author
G. W. Pratt
- Function : Author
G. Prézeau
- Function : Author
S. Prunet
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 739461
- IdHAL : simon-prunet
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1755-4582
- IdRef : 151240094
J. -L. Puget
- Function : Author
J. P. Rachen
- Function : Author
W. T. Reach
- Function : Author
R. Rebolo
- Function : Author
M. Reinecke
- Function : Author
A. Renzi
- Function : Author
S. Ricciardi
- Function : Author
T. Riller
- Function : Author
I. Ristorcelli
- Function : Author
G. Rocha
- Function : Author
M. Rowan-Robinson
- Function : Author
J. A. Rubiño-Martín
- Function : Author
B. Rusholme
- Function : Author
E. Salerno
- Function : Author
M. Sandri
- Function : Author
G. Savini
- Function : Author
F. Schiavon
- Function : Author
D. Scott
- Function : Author
M. D. Seiffert
- Function : Author
E. P. S. Shellard
- Function : Author
L. D. Spencer
- Function : Author
Jean-Luc Starck
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 858909
R. Sudiwala
- Function : Author
R. Sunyaev
- Function : Author
F. Sureau
- Function : Author
D. Sutton
- Function : Author
A. -S. Suur-Uski
- Function : Author
J. -F. Sygnet
- Function : Author
J. A. Tauber
- Function : Author
D. Tavagnacco
- Function : Author
L. Terenzi
- Function : Author
L. Toffolatti
- Function : Author
M. Tomasi
- Function : Author
M. Tristram
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 9484
- IdHAL : matthieu-tristram
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7276-8324
- IdRef : 098039229
J. Tuovinen
- Function : Author
M. Türler
- Function : Author
G. Umana
- Function : Author
L. Valenziano
- Function : Author
J. Valiviita
- Function : Author
B. van Tent
- Function : Author
J. Varis
- Function : Author
M. Viel
- Function : Author
P. Vielva
- Function : Author
Francesca Villa
- Function : Author
N. Vittorio
- Function : Author
L. A. Wade
- Function : Author
B. D. Wandelt
- Function : Author
I. K. Wehus
- Function : Author
A. Wilkinson
- Function : Author
J. -Q. Xia
- Function : Author
D. Yvon
- Function : Author
A. Zacchei
- Function : Author
A. Zonca
- Function : Author
Abstract
Planck has produced detailed all-sky observations over nine frequency bands between 30 and 857 GHz. These observations allow robust reconstruction of the primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations over nearly the full sky, as well as new constraints on Galactic foregrounds. This paper describes the component separation framework adopted by Planck. We test four foreground-cleaned CMB maps derived using qualitatively different component separation algorithms. The quality of our reconstructions is evaluated through detailed simulations and internal comparisons, and shown through various tests to be internally consistent and robust for CMB power spectrum and cosmological parameter estimation up to l = 2000. The parameter constraints on LambdaCDM cosmologies derived from these maps are consistent with those presented in the cross-spectrum based Planck likelihood analysis. We choose two of the CMB maps for specific scientific goals. We also present maps and frequency spectra of the Galactic low-frequency, CO, and thermal dust emission. The component maps are found to provide a faithful representation of the sky, as evaluated by simulations. For the low-frequency component, the spectral index varies widely over the sky, ranging from about beta = -4 to -2. Considering both morphology and prior knowledge of the low frequency components, the index map allows us to associate a steep spectral index (beta < -3.2) with strong anomalous microwave emission, corresponding to a spinning dust spectrum peaking below 20 GHz, a flat index of beta > -2.3 with strong free-free emission, and intermediate values with synchrotron emission.