MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZAR AO 0235+164 IN THE 2008-2009 FLARING STATE
Markus Ackermann
,
Marco Ajello
,
Jean Ballet
(1)
,
Guido Barbiellini
,
D. Bastieri
,
R. Bellazzini
,
R. D. Blandford
,
E. D. Bloom
,
E. Bonamente
,
A. W. Borgland
,
E. Bottacini
,
J. Bregeon
,
M. Brigida
,
Pascal Bruel
(2)
,
R. Buehler
,
S. Buson
,
G. A. Caliandro
,
R. A. Cameron
,
P. A. Caraveo
,
J. M. Casandjian
(1)
,
E. Cavazzuti
,
C. Cecchi
,
E. Charles
(3)
,
A. Chekhtman
,
J. Chiang
,
S. Ciprini
,
R. Claus
,
J. Cohen-Tanugi
(4, 5)
,
S. Cutini
,
F. d'Ammando
,
F. de Palma
,
C. D. Dermer
,
E. Do Couto E Silva
,
P. S. Drell
,
A. Drlica-Wagner
,
R. Dubois
,
C. Favuzzi
,
S. J. Fegan
(2)
,
E. C. Ferrara
,
W. B. Focke
,
P. Fortin
(2)
,
L. Fuhrmann
,
Y. Fukazawa
,
P. Fusco
,
F. Gargano
,
D. Gasparrini
,
N. Gehrels
,
S. Germani
,
N. Giglietto
,
P. Giommi
,
F. Giordano
,
M. Giroletti
,
T. Glanzman
,
G. Godfrey
,
I. A. Grenier
(1)
,
S. Guiriec
,
D. Hadasch
,
M. Hayashida
,
R. E. Hughes
,
R. Itoh
,
G. Jóhannesson
,
A. S. Johnson
,
H. Katagiri
,
J. Kataoka
,
Jürgen Knödlseder
(5)
,
M. Kuss
,
J. Lande
(5)
,
S. Larsson
,
S.-H. Lee
,
F. Longo
,
F. Loparco
,
B. Lott
(6)
,
M. N. Lovellette
,
P. Lubrano
,
G. M. Madejski
,
M. N. Mazziotta
,
J. E. Mcenery
,
J. Mehault
(4, 5)
,
P. F. Michelson
,
W. Mitthumsiri
,
T. Mizuno
,
C. Monte
,
M. E. Monzani
,
A. Morselli
,
I. V. Moskalenko
,
S. Murgia
,
M. Naumann-Godo
,
S. Nishino
,
J. P. Norris
,
E. Nuss
(4, 5)
,
T. Ohsugi
,
A. Okumura
,
N. Omodei
,
E. Orlando
,
M. Ozaki
,
D. Paneque
,
J. H. Panetta
,
V. Pelassa
(4, 5)
,
M. Pesce-Rollins
,
M. Pierbattista
(1)
,
F. Piron
(4, 5)
,
G. Pivato
,
T.A. Porter
,
S. Rainò
,
R. Rando
,
D. Rastawicki
,
M. Razzano
,
A. Readhead
,
A. Reimer
,
O. Reimer
,
L. C. Reyes
,
J. L. Richards
,
C. Sbarra
,
C. Sgrò
,
E. J. Siskind
,
G. Spandre
,
P. Spinelli
,
A. Szostek
,
H. Takahashi
,
T. Tanaka
,
J. G. Thayer
,
J. B. Thayer
,
D. J. Thompson
,
M. Tinivella
,
D. F. Torres
,
G. Tosti
,
E. Troja
,
T. L. Usher
,
J. Vandenbroucke
,
V. Vasileiou
(4, 5)
,
G. Vianello
,
V. Vitale
,
A. P. Waite
,
B. L. Winer
,
K. S. Wood
,
Z. Yang
,
S. Zimmer
,
R. Moderski
,
K. Nalewajko
,
M. Sikora
,
M. Villata
,
C. M. Raiteri
,
H. D. Aller
,
M. F. Aller
,
A. A. Arkharov
,
E. Benítez
,
A. Berdyugin
,
D.A. Blinov
,
M. Boettcher
,
O. J. A. Bravo Calle
,
C. S. Buemi
,
D. Carosati
,
W. P. Chen
,
C. Diltz
,
A. Di Paola
,
M. Dolci
,
N. V. Efimova
,
E. Forné
,
M. A. Gurwell
,
J. Heidt
,
D. Hiriart
,
B. Jordan
,
G. Kimeridze
,
T. S. Konstantinova
,
E. N. Kopatskaya
,
E. Koptelova
,
O. M. Kurtanidze
,
A. Lähteenmäki
,
E. G. Larionova
,
L. V. Larionova
,
V. M. Larionov
,
P. Leto
,
E. Lindfors
,
H. C. Lin
,
D.A. Morozova
,
M. G. Nikolashvili
,
K. Nilsson
,
M. Oksman
,
P. Roustazadeh
,
A. Sievers
(7)
,
L. A. Sigua
,
A. Sillanpää
,
T. Takahashi
,
L. O. Takalo
,
M. Tornikoski
,
C. Trigilio
,
I. S. Troitsky
,
G. Umana
,
E. Angelakis
,
T. P. Krichbaum
,
I. Nestoras
,
D. Riquelme
,
M. Krips
(8)
,
S. Trippe
,
A. Arai
,
K. S. Kawabata
,
K. Sakimoto
,
M. Sasada
,
S. Sato
,
M. Uemura
,
M. Yamanaka
,
M. Yoshida
,
T. Belloni
,
G. Tagliaferri
(9)
,
E. W. Bonning
,
J. Isler
,
C. M. Urry
,
E. Hoversten
,
A. Falcone
,
C. Pagani
,
M. Stroh
1
AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) -
Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
2 LLR - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
3 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
4 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
5 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
6 GLAST
7 IRAM - Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica
8 IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique
9 OAB - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
2 LLR - Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
3 CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra]
4 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
5 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
6 GLAST
7 IRAM - Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica
8 IRAM - Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique
9 OAB - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Markus Ackermann
- Function : Author
Marco Ajello
- Function : Author
Guido Barbiellini
- Function : Author
D. Bastieri
- Function : Author
R. Bellazzini
- Function : Author
R. D. Blandford
- Function : Author
E. D. Bloom
- Function : Author
E. Bonamente
- Function : Author
A. W. Borgland
- Function : Author
E. Bottacini
- Function : Author
J. Bregeon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 741214
- IdHAL : johan-bregeon
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6790-5328
- IdRef : 095856943
M. Brigida
- Function : Author
R. Buehler
- Function : Author
S. Buson
- Function : Author
G. A. Caliandro
- Function : Author
R. A. Cameron
- Function : Author
P. A. Caraveo
- Function : Author
E. Cavazzuti
- Function : Author
C. Cecchi
- Function : Author
A. Chekhtman
- Function : Author
J. Chiang
- Function : Author
S. Ciprini
- Function : Author
R. Claus
- Function : Author
J. Cohen-Tanugi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 3626
- IdHAL : johann-cohen-tanugi
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9022-4232
- IdRef : 172626544
S. Cutini
- Function : Author
F. d'Ammando
- Function : Author
F. de Palma
- Function : Author
C. D. Dermer
- Function : Author
E. Do Couto E Silva
- Function : Author
P. S. Drell
- Function : Author
A. Drlica-Wagner
- Function : Author
R. Dubois
- Function : Author
C. Favuzzi
- Function : Author
S. J. Fegan
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 740343
- IdHAL : stephen-fegan
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9978-2510
- IdRef : 253133149
E. C. Ferrara
- Function : Author
W. B. Focke
- Function : Author
L. Fuhrmann
- Function : Author
Y. Fukazawa
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760581
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0921-8837
P. Fusco
- Function : Author
F. Gargano
- Function : Author
D. Gasparrini
- Function : Author
N. Gehrels
- Function : Author
S. Germani
- Function : Author
N. Giglietto
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755413
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9021-2888
P. Giommi
- Function : Author
F. Giordano
- Function : Author
M. Giroletti
- Function : Author
T. Glanzman
- Function : Author
G. Godfrey
- Function : Author
S. Guiriec
- Function : Author
D. Hadasch
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761675
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8663-6461
M. Hayashida
- Function : Author
R. E. Hughes
- Function : Author
R. Itoh
- Function : Author
G. Jóhannesson
- Function : Author
A. S. Johnson
- Function : Author
H. Katagiri
- Function : Author
J. Kataoka
- Function : Author
Jürgen Knödlseder
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178646
- IdHAL : jurgen-knodlseder
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0014-7809
- IdRef : 069521360
M. Kuss
- Function : Author
S. Larsson
- Function : Author
S.-H. Lee
- Function : Author
F. Longo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755442
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2501-2270
F. Loparco
- Function : Author
B. Lott
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 739369
- IdHAL : benoit-lott
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2186-9242
- IdRef : 031300065
M. N. Lovellette
- Function : Author
P. Lubrano
- Function : Author
G. M. Madejski
- Function : Author
M. N. Mazziotta
- Function : Author
J. E. Mcenery
- Function : Author
P. F. Michelson
- Function : Author
W. Mitthumsiri
- Function : Author
T. Mizuno
- Function : Author
C. Monte
- Function : Author
M. E. Monzani
- Function : Author
A. Morselli
- Function : Author
I. V. Moskalenko
- Function : Author
S. Murgia
- Function : Author
M. Naumann-Godo
- Function : Author
S. Nishino
- Function : Author
J. P. Norris
- Function : Author
T. Ohsugi
- Function : Author
A. Okumura
- Function : Author
N. Omodei
- Function : Author
E. Orlando
- Function : Author
M. Ozaki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759061
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1320-9781
D. Paneque
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755279
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2830-0502
J. H. Panetta
- Function : Author
M. Pesce-Rollins
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760585
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1790-8018
F. Piron
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 172749
- IdHAL : frederic-piron
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6885-7156
G. Pivato
- Function : Author
T.A. Porter
- Function : Author
S. Rainò
- Function : Author
R. Rando
- Function : Author
D. Rastawicki
- Function : Author
M. Razzano
- Function : Author
A. Readhead
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 761343
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9152-961X
A. Reimer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755465
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8604-7077
O. Reimer
- Function : Author
L. C. Reyes
- Function : Author
J. L. Richards
- Function : Author
C. Sbarra
- Function : Author
C. Sgrò
- Function : Author
E. J. Siskind
- Function : Author
G. Spandre
- Function : Author
P. Spinelli
- Function : Author
A. Szostek
- Function : Author
H. Takahashi
- Function : Author
T. Tanaka
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 756461
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4383-0368
J. G. Thayer
- Function : Author
J. B. Thayer
- Function : Author
D. J. Thompson
- Function : Author
M. Tinivella
- Function : Author
D. F. Torres
- Function : Author
G. Tosti
- Function : Author
E. Troja
- Function : Author
T. L. Usher
- Function : Author
J. Vandenbroucke
- Function : Author
G. Vianello
- Function : Author
V. Vitale
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760184
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8040-7852
A. P. Waite
- Function : Author
B. L. Winer
- Function : Author
K. S. Wood
- Function : Author
Z. Yang
- Function : Author
S. Zimmer
- Function : Author
R. Moderski
- Function : Author
K. Nalewajko
- Function : Author
M. Sikora
- Function : Author
M. Villata
- Function : Author
C. M. Raiteri
- Function : Author
H. D. Aller
- Function : Author
M. F. Aller
- Function : Author
A. A. Arkharov
- Function : Author
E. Benítez
- Function : Author
A. Berdyugin
- Function : Author
D.A. Blinov
- Function : Author
M. Boettcher
- Function : Author
O. J. A. Bravo Calle
- Function : Author
C. S. Buemi
- Function : Author
D. Carosati
- Function : Author
W. P. Chen
- Function : Author
C. Diltz
- Function : Author
A. Di Paola
- Function : Author
M. Dolci
- Function : Author
N. V. Efimova
- Function : Author
E. Forné
- Function : Author
M. A. Gurwell
- Function : Author
J. Heidt
- Function : Author
D. Hiriart
- Function : Author
B. Jordan
- Function : Author
G. Kimeridze
- Function : Author
T. S. Konstantinova
- Function : Author
E. N. Kopatskaya
- Function : Author
E. Koptelova
- Function : Author
O. M. Kurtanidze
- Function : Author
A. Lähteenmäki
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760052
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0393-0647
E. G. Larionova
- Function : Author
L. V. Larionova
- Function : Author
V. M. Larionov
- Function : Author
P. Leto
- Function : Author
E. Lindfors
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760053
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9155-6199
H. C. Lin
- Function : Author
D.A. Morozova
- Function : Author
M. G. Nikolashvili
- Function : Author
K. Nilsson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757731
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1445-8683
M. Oksman
- Function : Author
P. Roustazadeh
- Function : Author
L. A. Sigua
- Function : Author
A. Sillanpää
- Function : Author
T. Takahashi
- Function : Author
L. O. Takalo
- Function : Author
M. Tornikoski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755276
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1249-6026
C. Trigilio
- Function : Author
I. S. Troitsky
- Function : Author
G. Umana
- Function : Author
E. Angelakis
- Function : Author
T. P. Krichbaum
- Function : Author
I. Nestoras
- Function : Author
D. Riquelme
- Function : Author
S. Trippe
- Function : Author
A. Arai
- Function : Author
K. S. Kawabata
- Function : Author
K. Sakimoto
- Function : Author
M. Sasada
- Function : Author
S. Sato
- Function : Author
M. Uemura
- Function : Author
M. Yamanaka
- Function : Author
M. Yoshida
- Function : Author
T. Belloni
- Function : Author
E. W. Bonning
- Function : Author
J. Isler
- Function : Author
C. M. Urry
- Function : Author
E. Hoversten
- Function : Author
A. Falcone
- Function : Author
C. Pagani
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1127818
M. Stroh
- Function : Author
Abstract
The blazar AO 0235+164 (z = 0.94) has been one of the most active objects observed by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) since its launch in Summer 2008. In addition to the continuous coverage by Fermi, contemporaneous observations were carried out from the radio to γ-ray bands between 2008 September and 2009 February. In this paper, we summarize the rich multi-wavelength data collected during the campaign (including F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, Kanata, OVRO, RXTE, SMARTS, Swift, and other instruments), examine the cross-correlation between the light curves measured in the different energy bands, and interpret the resulting spectral energy distributions in the context of well-known blazar emission models. We find that the γ-ray activity is well correlated with a series of near-IR/optical flares, accompanied by an increase in the optical polarization degree. On the other hand, the X-ray light curve shows a distinct 20 day high state of unusually soft spectrum, which does not match the extrapolation of the optical/UV synchrotron spectrum. We tentatively interpret this feature as the bulk Compton emission by cold electrons contained in the jet, which requires an accretion disk corona with an effective covering factor of 19% at a distance of 100 R g. We model the broadband spectra with a leptonic model with external radiation dominated by the infrared emission from the dusty torus.