Protons in near earth orbit
J. Alcaraz
,
D. Alvisi
,
B. Alpat
,
G. Ambrosi
,
H. Anderhub
,
L. Ao
,
A. Arefiev
,
P. Azzarello
,
E. Babucci
,
Luca Baldini
,
M. Basile
,
D. Barancourt
(1)
,
F. Barao
,
G. Barbier
(1)
,
G. Barreira
,
R. Battiston
,
R. Becker
,
U. Becker
,
L. Bellagamba
,
P. Bene
,
J. Berdugo
,
P. Berges
,
B. Bertucci
,
A. Biland
,
S. Bizzaglia
,
S. Blasko
,
G. Boella
,
M. Boschini
,
M. Bourquin
,
G. Bruni
,
M. Buenerd
(1)
,
J.D. Burger
,
W.J. Burger
,
X.D. Cai
,
R. Cavalletti
,
C. Camps
,
P. Cannarsa
,
M. Capell
,
D. Casadei
,
J. Casaus
,
G. Castellini
,
Y.H. Chang
,
H.F. Chen
,
H.S. Chen
,
Z.G. Chen
,
N.A. Chernoplekov
,
A. Chiarini
,
T.H. Chiueh
,
Y.L. Chuang
,
F. Cindolo
,
V. Commichau
,
A. Contin
,
A. Cotta-Ramusino
,
P. Crespo
,
M. Cristinziani
,
J.P. da Cunha
,
T.S. Dai
,
J.D. Deus
,
N. Dinu
,
L. Djambazov
,
I. d'Antone
,
Z.R. Dong
,
E. Emonet
,
J. Engelberg
,
F.J. Eppling
,
T. Eronen
,
G. Esposito
,
P. Extermann
,
J. Favier
(2)
,
C.C. Feng
,
E. Fiandrini
,
F. Finelli
,
P.H. Fisher
,
R. Flaminio
(2)
,
G. Fluegge
,
N. Fouque
(2)
,
Yu. Galaktionov
,
M. Gervasi
,
P. Giusti
,
D. Grandi
,
W.Q. Gu
,
K. Hangarter
,
A. Hasan
,
V. Hermel
(2)
,
H. Hofer
,
M.A. Huang
,
W. Hungerford
,
M. Ionica
,
R. Ionica
,
M. Jongmanns
,
K. Karlamaa
,
W. Karpinski
,
G. Kenney
,
J. Kenny
,
W. Kim
,
A. Klimentov
,
R. Kossakowski
(2)
,
V. Koutsenko
,
G. Laborie
(1)
,
T. Laitinen
,
G. Lamanna
,
G. Laurenti
,
A. A. Lebedev
,
S.C. Lee
,
G. Levi
,
P. Levtchenko
,
C.L. Liu
,
H.T. Liu
,
M. Lolli
,
I. Lopes
,
G. Lu
,
Y.S. Lu
,
K. Luebelsmeyer
,
D. Luckey
,
W. Lustermann
,
C. Mana
,
A. Margotti
,
F. Massera
,
F. Mayet
(1)
,
R.R. Mcneil
,
B. Meillon
(1)
,
M. Menichelli
,
F. Mezzanotte
,
R. Mezzenga
,
A. Mihul
,
G. Molinari
,
A. Mourao
,
A. Mujunen
,
F. Palmonari
,
G. Pancaldi
,
A. Papi
,
I.H. Park
,
M. Pauluzzi
,
F. Pauss
,
E. Perrin
,
A. Pesci
,
A. Pevsner
,
R. Pilastrini
,
M. Pimenta
,
V. Plyaski
,
V. Pojidaev
,
H. Postema
,
V. Postolache
,
E. Prati
,
N. Produit
,
P.G. Rancoita
,
D. Rapin
,
F. Raupach
,
S. Recupero
,
D. Ren
,
Zhuoxiang Ren
,
M. Ribordy
,
J.P. Richeux
,
E. Riihonen
,
J. Ritakari
,
U. Roeser
,
C. Rossin
(1)
,
R. Sagdeev
,
D. Santos
(1)
,
G. Sartorelli
,
A. Schultz von Dratzig
,
G. Schwering
,
E.S. Seo
,
V. Shoutko
,
E. Shoumilov
,
R. Siedling
,
D. Son
,
T. Song
,
M. Steuer
,
G.S. Sun
,
H. Suter
,
X.W. Tang
,
S.C.C. Ting
,
S.M. Ting
,
M. Tornikoski
,
G. Torromeo
,
J. Torsti
,
J. Truemper
,
J. Ulbricht
,
S. Urpo
,
I. Usoskin
,
E. Valtonen
,
J. Vandenhirtz
,
F. Velcea
,
E. Velikhov
,
B. Verlaat
,
I. Vetlitsky
,
F. Vezzu
(1)
,
J.P. Vialle
(2)
,
G. Viertel
,
D. Vite
,
H. von Gunten
,
S. Waldmeier Wicki
,
W. Wallraff
,
B.C. Wang
,
J.Z. Wang
,
Y.H. Wang
,
K. Wiik
,
C. Williams
,
S.X. Wu
,
P.C. Xia
,
J.L. Yan
,
L.G. Yan
,
C.G. Yang
,
M. Yang
,
S.W. Ye
,
P. Yeh
,
Z.Z. Xu
,
H.Y. Zhang
,
Z.P. Zhang
,
D.X. Zhao
,
G.Y. Zhu
,
W.Z. Zhu
,
H.L. Zhuang
,
A. Zichichi
J. Alcaraz
- Function : Author
D. Alvisi
- Function : Author
B. Alpat
- Function : Author
G. Ambrosi
- Function : Author
H. Anderhub
- Function : Author
L. Ao
- Function : Author
A. Arefiev
- Function : Author
P. Azzarello
- Function : Author
E. Babucci
- Function : Author
Luca Baldini
- Function : Author
M. Basile
- Function : Author
F. Barao
- Function : Author
G. Barreira
- Function : Author
R. Battiston
- Function : Author
R. Becker
- Function : Author
U. Becker
- Function : Author
L. Bellagamba
- Function : Author
P. Bene
- Function : Author
J. Berdugo
- Function : Author
P. Berges
- Function : Author
B. Bertucci
- Function : Author
A. Biland
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755137
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1288-833X
S. Bizzaglia
- Function : Author
S. Blasko
- Function : Author
G. Boella
- Function : Author
M. Boschini
- Function : Author
M. Bourquin
- Function : Author
G. Bruni
- Function : Author
J.D. Burger
- Function : Author
W.J. Burger
- Function : Author
X.D. Cai
- Function : Author
R. Cavalletti
- Function : Author
C. Camps
- Function : Author
P. Cannarsa
- Function : Author
M. Capell
- Function : Author
D. Casadei
- Function : Author
J. Casaus
- Function : Author
G. Castellini
- Function : Author
Y.H. Chang
- Function : Author
H.F. Chen
- Function : Author
H.S. Chen
- Function : Author
Z.G. Chen
- Function : Author
N.A. Chernoplekov
- Function : Author
A. Chiarini
- Function : Author
T.H. Chiueh
- Function : Author
Y.L. Chuang
- Function : Author
F. Cindolo
- Function : Author
V. Commichau
- Function : Author
A. Contin
- Function : Author
A. Cotta-Ramusino
- Function : Author
P. Crespo
- Function : Author
M. Cristinziani
- Function : Author
J.P. da Cunha
- Function : Author
T.S. Dai
- Function : Author
J.D. Deus
- Function : Author
N. Dinu
- Function : Author
L. Djambazov
- Function : Author
I. d'Antone
- Function : Author
Z.R. Dong
- Function : Author
E. Emonet
- Function : Author
J. Engelberg
- Function : Author
F.J. Eppling
- Function : Author
T. Eronen
- Function : Author
G. Esposito
- Function : Author
P. Extermann
- Function : Author
C.C. Feng
- Function : Author
E. Fiandrini
- Function : Author
F. Finelli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755277
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9160-4840
P.H. Fisher
- Function : Author
G. Fluegge
- Function : Author
Yu. Galaktionov
- Function : Author
M. Gervasi
- Function : Author
P. Giusti
- Function : Author
D. Grandi
- Function : Author
W.Q. Gu
- Function : Author
K. Hangarter
- Function : Author
A. Hasan
- Function : Author
H. Hofer
- Function : Author
M.A. Huang
- Function : Author
W. Hungerford
- Function : Author
M. Ionica
- Function : Author
R. Ionica
- Function : Author
M. Jongmanns
- Function : Author
K. Karlamaa
- Function : Author
W. Karpinski
- Function : Author
G. Kenney
- Function : Author
J. Kenny
- Function : Author
W. Kim
- Function : Author
A. Klimentov
- Function : Author
R. Kossakowski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 16746
- IdHAL : roman-kossakowski
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3842-8531
- IdRef : 225157179
V. Koutsenko
- Function : Author
T. Laitinen
- Function : Author
G. Lamanna
- Function : Author
G. Laurenti
- Function : Author
A. A. Lebedev
- Function : Author
S.C. Lee
- Function : Author
G. Levi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742434
- IdHAL : giovanni-levi
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7041-6787
- IdRef : 085060046
P. Levtchenko
- Function : Author
C.L. Liu
- Function : Author
H.T. Liu
- Function : Author
M. Lolli
- Function : Author
I. Lopes
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755275
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5760-8939
G. Lu
- Function : Author
Y.S. Lu
- Function : Author
K. Luebelsmeyer
- Function : Author
D. Luckey
- Function : Author
W. Lustermann
- Function : Author
C. Mana
- Function : Author
A. Margotti
- Function : Author
F. Massera
- Function : Author
F. Mayet
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 14811
- IdHAL : frederic-mayet
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9995-4792
- IdRef : 160311675
R.R. Mcneil
- Function : Author
M. Menichelli
- Function : Author
F. Mezzanotte
- Function : Author
R. Mezzenga
- Function : Author
A. Mihul
- Function : Author
G. Molinari
- Function : Author
A. Mourao
- Function : Author
A. Mujunen
- Function : Author
F. Palmonari
- Function : Author
G. Pancaldi
- Function : Author
A. Papi
- Function : Author
I.H. Park
- Function : Author
M. Pauluzzi
- Function : Author
F. Pauss
- Function : Author
E. Perrin
- Function : Author
A. Pesci
- Function : Author
A. Pevsner
- Function : Author
R. Pilastrini
- Function : Author
M. Pimenta
- Function : Author
V. Plyaski
- Function : Author
V. Pojidaev
- Function : Author
H. Postema
- Function : Author
V. Postolache
- Function : Author
E. Prati
- Function : Author
N. Produit
- Function : Author
P.G. Rancoita
- Function : Author
D. Rapin
- Function : Author
F. Raupach
- Function : Author
S. Recupero
- Function : Author
D. Ren
- Function : Author
Zhuoxiang Ren
- Function : Author
M. Ribordy
- Function : Author
J.P. Richeux
- Function : Author
E. Riihonen
- Function : Author
J. Ritakari
- Function : Author
U. Roeser
- Function : Author
R. Sagdeev
- Function : Author
G. Sartorelli
- Function : Author
A. Schultz von Dratzig
- Function : Author
G. Schwering
- Function : Author
E.S. Seo
- Function : Author
V. Shoutko
- Function : Author
E. Shoumilov
- Function : Author
R. Siedling
- Function : Author
D. Son
- Function : Author
T. Song
- Function : Author
M. Steuer
- Function : Author
G.S. Sun
- Function : Author
H. Suter
- Function : Author
X.W. Tang
- Function : Author
S.C.C. Ting
- Function : Author
S.M. Ting
- Function : Author
M. Tornikoski
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755276
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1249-6026
G. Torromeo
- Function : Author
J. Torsti
- Function : Author
J. Truemper
- Function : Author
J. Ulbricht
- Function : Author
S. Urpo
- Function : Author
I. Usoskin
- Function : Author
E. Valtonen
- Function : Author
J. Vandenhirtz
- Function : Author
F. Velcea
- Function : Author
E. Velikhov
- Function : Author
B. Verlaat
- Function : Author
I. Vetlitsky
- Function : Author
G. Viertel
- Function : Author
D. Vite
- Function : Author
H. von Gunten
- Function : Author
S. Waldmeier Wicki
- Function : Author
W. Wallraff
- Function : Author
B.C. Wang
- Function : Author
J.Z. Wang
- Function : Author
Y.H. Wang
- Function : Author
K. Wiik
- Function : Author
C. Williams
- Function : Author
S.X. Wu
- Function : Author
P.C. Xia
- Function : Author
J.L. Yan
- Function : Author
L.G. Yan
- Function : Author
C.G. Yang
- Function : Author
M. Yang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 755143
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4365-3282
S.W. Ye
- Function : Author
P. Yeh
- Function : Author
Z.Z. Xu
- Function : Author
H.Y. Zhang
- Function : Author
Z.P. Zhang
- Function : Author
D.X. Zhao
- Function : Author
G.Y. Zhu
- Function : Author
W.Z. Zhu
- Function : Author
H.L. Zhuang
- Function : Author
A. Zichichi
- Function : Author
Abstract
The proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.1 to 200 GeV was measured by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) during space shuttle flight STS-91 at an altitude of 380km. Above the geomagnetic cutoff the observed spectrum is parameterized by a power law. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a substantial second spectrum was observed concentrated at equatorial latitudes with a flux ~70m2s1sr1. Most of these second spectrum protons follow a complicated trajectory and originate from a restricted geographic region.